Researchers have developed a battery prototype that can store up to six times the charge of a conventional lithium-ion battery. The findings are published in the journal Nature.
The new battery is constructed using an unconventional electrode material developed by the school’s MIT professors and graduate students. Instead of traditional carbon electrodes, the new battery uses electrode materials made of silicon and oxygen to form a "solid, thin and soft" battery, which has the advantage of a faster charge rate than conventional lithium-ion. Battery.
In normal use, conventional batteries use lithium ions that are "dissolved" by a layer of molecules on the surface of the carbon electrode that can be recharged. In contrast, the new battery uses silicon that is physically mixed into the electrode material, making it impossible for lithium ion to rotate between the electrode material and the electrolyte. As a result, the charging process is much faster, 60-hour charging time for new batteries versus one-hour charging time for traditional lithium-ion batteries.
Kalyan Seshan, a graduate student who led the research, said, “Our batteries have a solution to what the U.S. electric grid and transportation system urgently needs. "Our batteries can be charged and discharged dozens of times before recharging."
Seshan and the team will now work to commercialize the prototypes they have developed, which could be ready for sale within three to five years.
This is the first time that MIT has successfully developed a prototype for a battery that has the ability to charge in less than an hour, and the ability to charge 20 times before recharging. The battery is a solid state battery that is safer than traditional lithium-ion batteries and will be especially useful in electric vehicles.
However, the contents of the battery still need to be optimized for commercial use and further experiments are needed to check its performance. The battery needs to be better protected to ensure it can withstand the vehicle’s environment.
The researchers said that the energy density of the prototype is lower than that of a conventional lithium-ion battery. With good development, however, its energy density is higher than previous solid-state lithium batteries. Researchers are hopeful that this battery could be used for electric vehicles in a few years.
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